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 螨虫
 

螨类是一种肉眼很难看到的有害节肢动物,广泛存在于农村、城市家庭。农村家庭由于外围环境较差,杂草丛生,饲养家禽家畜,鼠类活动猖獗,为螨类的生存提供了便利条件。城市家庭的空调机多不注意清洗消毒,不少家庭还饲养宠物,园林绿化水平跟不上城市化进程,灰尘量大,都为螨类孳生提供了有利的机会。另外,由于人们在很大程度上没有重视家庭螨类的防治,致使一些由螨类引起的
疾病大量出现,严重危害身体健康。
螨类的危害
螨类传播疾病,如革螨可传播流行性出血热等。螨类还会引发某些疾病,如革螨刺吸人血引发革螨性皮炎,尘螨的代谢产物是强烈的过敏源,可引发过敏性皮炎、尘螨性哮喘;病人往往有家族过敏史或个人过敏史,尤以老人和儿童发病较多。有些种类叮咬人,影响人体息,致人疲劳。

 

预防措施:

一)保持室内清洁,经常擦拭室内家具等物体表面。
(二)定期清洗空调过滤网。
(三)农村家庭尽量不用稻草铺床。一定要用,应曝晒后拍打,并作杀虫处理。
(四)清除房屋周围的各种杂草、树叶等。
(五)定期清洁宠物及其窝巢。农村家庭应堵塞家禽、家畜厩舍内所有的孔洞、缝隙,清除杂物,保持清洁。
(六)加大灭鼠力度,控制鼠患,防止鼠类进入室内。

 

物理防治
勤洗勤晒衣物被褥,晒完后要用力拍打沾染的灰尘。
化学防治
目前市场上有一种专用杀螨气雾剂,可以用来杀灭螨虫。使用时应注意对螨类孳生的场所施药。

由于家用杀螨产品不多,使用杀螨剂则应由专业人员操作或在专业人员指导下进行。家庭螨类的防治主要依赖于各种预防措施的落实,一旦预防措施到位,可从根本上消除家庭螨类的危害。

Dust Mites

It is an established fact that dust mites can be found in house dust all over the world. Dust mites are not insects but are more closely related to spiders and ticks. There are two common dust mites, the American house dust mite and the European house dust mite. Due to their very small size, these dust mites are not visible to the naked eye. They live in bedding, couches, carpet, stuffed toys and old clothing. Dust mites feed on the dead skin that falls off the bodies of humans and animals and on other organic material found where they live.

Though these mites live in many homes, only people who are allergic to them know they are there. Dust mites are second only to pollen in causing allergic reactions. When dust mites grow, they shed their skin. The shed skin and feces are what cause allergic reactions in people. Allergic reactions range from itchy noses and eyes to severe asthma attacks.

HABITS

Dust mites do not live in air ducts in homes. Many people spend much time and money cleaning the air ducts to reduce dust mites. This is not necessary because dust mites need about 70 percent relative humidity or higher to live, and they need food. Areas where people spend much time, like a bed or a favorite plush chair, are prime sites for dust mites. The top part of mattresses containing fibrous material is a favorite place for dust mites during warm and humid times. The deeper parts of mattresses may provide protected areas for the dust mites during unfavorable conditions. Clothing is used by dust mites as a means of transportation from room to room or even from house to house.

Gamasid Mites

IDENTIFYING THE CLOVER MITE:

The full-grown clover mite is slightly smaller than a pin head and has a bright reddish to reddish-brown body.
Clover mites appear as dark red specks crawling around sidings, doors, windows, drapes, curtains and furniture.
When accidently crushed, clover mites will appear red and will cause a stain. This is not blood but their coloration.
The front legs are as long as the body, and extend forward.

CLOVER MITES BIOLOGY AND HABITS:

Clover mites are not insects but they are a relative of spiders and ticks, an arachnid.
Clover mites occur in large numbers.
Clover mites do not damage buildings and furnishings, nor do they injure humans and pets.
They attack a number of grasses and plants found in the yards.
Clover mites are plant feeders that have been found infesting more than 200 different plants, sucking the sap.
They can leave off algae and mold.
Clover mites live close or on the their food sources.
They become a real nuisance upon migration inside.
Heavy migrations of clover mites into houses are also common in the early summer and fall.
Clover mites build up very large populations around structures surrounded with lush, well-fertilized lawns and shrubbery.
They often move into buildings in massive numbers in the autumn when vegetation begins to die.
In the spring, large numbers indoor migration is usually is the result of recent mulching and the beginning of higher temperatures.
Large populations of clover mites may occur on the flat roofs of commercial buildings and are associated with moss growth
Clover mites females lay about 70 eggs each, singly or in masses, lay eggs in cracks in concrete foundations, cracks and crevices of buildings, under sidings, and on the underside of bark at the base of the trees.
Clover mites eggs do not hatch below 40C or above 86C.
They lay their eggs during the spring.
After eggs hatch, the newly emerged immature clover mites move to find hosts, molt, and pass through two nymph stages.
Approximately 30 days are required to complete a generation outdoors.
One generation is completed during the spring or early summer months and another in the early fall (September/October).
Clover mites in the egg stage may either hibernate (over winter) or become dormant during the summer under tree bark,
in cracks of fence posts and foundation walls, under sheathing of buildings or in other dry protected sites, during adverse weather conditions.
Clover mites are most troublesome in early spring and again in fall, especially on the east and south sides of buildings.
They can be found randomly through the house, but very frequently on the south side of the house because of the warmth.

 

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